Polycystic Ovary Syndromew Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Polycystic Ovary Syndromew - Essay Example In general, PCOS is characterized by absence of or irregular menstruation, hirsutism, anovulation, infertility, obesity, acne, metabolic disorders, insulin insensitivity and hyperinsulinemia, to name a few symptoms. The patient's ovaries in classical cases show the presence of multiple small cysts. The primary cause of this disorder is not known. However, three factors are known to play important roles in the development and progression of PCOS. These are hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, and high levels of Luteinizing hormone (LH). PCOS is easily diagnosed in the clinical setting through history and physical examination. This is then accompanied by laboratory results of hormonal levels, for the sake of differential diagnoses with similar illnesses, such as congenital non-classical adrenal hyperplasia. Infertility related to PCOS is caused by anovulation. The high level of LH associated with PCOS is responsible for this anovulation. It causes increased production of androgens from the adrenal gland and the ovaries. These androgens cause typically masculine characteristics in the female and inhibit maturation of the ovum. Secondly, high levels of LH also inhibit maturation and release of dominant follicles (Hill, 2003). Young women and adolescent girls are the age group susceptible to contracting PCOS. The percentage of that age group who are diagnosed with PCOS is an astounding 5-10 percent. (Kidson, 1998) For women of child-bearing age, PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder. Statistics show that 4 to 6 percent of all women in America have hyperandrogenic chronic anovulation (Schroeder, April 2003). This prevalence increases sharply in women with chronic anovulation and hyperinsulinemia. This illness not only robs the affected patient of the ability to have children, but it also increases her susceptibility to other disorders, such as diabetes type 2 (DM type 2) and CVS diseases. The psychological part of it must also be considered. These patients commonly suffer from depression due to the inability to have children and the other symptoms associated with PCOS, such as hirsutism and androgenic alopecia. The risk factors for PCOS are increased levels of LH secretion due to hyperproduction of go nadotropin releasing hormone, hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism. A concern which must be addressed is the increasing cases of ovarian hyperstimulation, pregnancy loss, gestational diabetes and hypertension due to ovulation induction in these patients (Schroeder, April 2003). Since the actual cause of PCOS is not known, there is very little that can be done to prevent the disorder. However, it is important to screen for the disorder and other differential diagnoses of similar illnesses in all patients presenting with irregular menstruation, infertility and hirsutism. All identified cases should also be screened for risks of DM type 2, CVS conditions and the metabolic syndrome. The rise in the prevalence of PCOS and the fact that diabetes and CVS conditions are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in today's clinical setup, should make the contribution of PCOS to

IMF & World Bank Regulations versus Domestic Politics Assignment

IMF & World Bank Regulations versus Domestic Politics - Assignment Example zeable member’s quota which it pays an annual quota to the IMF an average of 40 million drawing rights (SDRs) where the quota is paid 75% in Pellian dollars and 25% in SDRs. Thus, Pell meets the operation of the IMF, making it to be able to acquire additional funding. Pell is entitled to borrow capital from IMF in form of Reserve tranche, which totals to one fourth of its (Pell) quota. The quotas play an important part in IMF. (Gavin, 24). Pell was obliged to certain conditions when applying for additional funding from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which included the following: Pell was required to settle up IMF by repurchasing its own local money preserves with global store benefits. The government of Pell has mentioned the possibility of improving its infrastructure in the country, thus the World Bank under International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) will grant Pell some financial assistance which will enable it to continue with the stated projects and also they will provide technical assistance in their projects. Pell was to formulate its money adaptable to US dollars quickly but the course did not happen quickly. In addition, the money pegs were to stay permanent apart from fundamental disequilibrium conditions which were not cautiously distinct. Then Pell was to attach the US dollar or straight to gold. (Mason,

The Social Context of Death and Dying

The Social Context of Death and Dying Introduction Using course materials from Death and Dying, I will discuss the idea that death is something to be feared. I will use course material from Block 1, The Social Context of Death and Dying, focusing on units 1 and 2. I will provide evidence of arguments for and against this notion and consider other attitudes of how these views are formed by society. I will also illustrate my answers using materials form the course website, reader and audio activities. I have also incorporated some personal and professional experience. in an attempt to illustrate my points. Death is portrayed and discussed in various ways by people from all walks of life, their upbringing and religious views can have an impact on how they perceive death. As discussed in Block 1, one indicator that death is something to fear is our use of language. This anxiety is demonstrated in the euphemisms individuals use when describing or explaining a death. For example when undertaking activity 1.1, Explaining the meaning of death, (Block 1, unit 1, pg 1). I discussed my first experience of death. I recall having to explain to my youngest sibling that our mother had died. My sister was 8 years old and I sat her down and spoke firstly about angels and the stars. I went on to tell her that God had decided he needed mum to be an angel. I couldnt bear to use the word dead as I was struggling with mum being dead and was of the view that using the word ‘dead would have been too painful and therefore spoke about angels to make it less emotive. Since then I have experienced the dea th of other relatives and friends and find that I will use euphemisms such as, â€Å"passed away† or â€Å"gone to a better place†. I have also heard myself use phrases such as â€Å"kicked the bucket, however, this is usually when referring to someone I didnt really know. A number of examples are provided in block 1 in relation to euphemisms used to describe what occurs after death. Spiritualist and Mediums use words such as â€Å"crossing over† or â€Å"passed over† as they see the death as the beginning of a journey from this world to what they describe as the ‘spirit world. Komaromy (2005) spoke of how she found that whilst exploring how death and dying were managed in care homes, was â€Å"frequently met with difficulty over the use of words ‘death, ‘dying and ‘dead† (Block 1, unit 1, section 1.2, pg 13). It would appear the fear of using these words were not necessarily from the residents themselves but by those who cared for them. The beliefs instilled in people from a young age from their family, educational professionals and religious sources as well as their personal experience of death can often have a profound impact on how they perceive death and dying. Roman Catholics appear comfortable when speaking about death as they see death as a momentous event that should not be feared. Catholics believe in life after death, stating the soul leaves the body and will normally spend a period in Purgatory and when the soul is cleansed of the temporal consequences of sin they will enter heaven. However some anxiety remains, as for many, there is uncertainty of how long their soul will remain in purgatory. â€Å"They do not fear the next world, but rather the passage, the crossing over..† (Toscani, et al(2003), OU course material, website). Professor Douglas Davis research highlighted that gender plays a significant role in the belief in life after death in contemporary British Society. He states that women are far more likely to believe in an afterlife, than men, with a ratio of almost 2:1. He informs 30% of the population with a similar gender imbalance believe the dead remain among us and have had contact in one form or another with their loved one. (Audio1, activity 1.8, Identity and Belief). This I would argue is based on a persons knowledge of the deceased and is linked to their sense of identity and the need to continue the link with their loved one, which in turn may offer comfort and peace of mind to those who are bereaved. People also seek comfort through contact with the dead via spiritualists and mediums, in an effort to communicate with loved ones. Justine Picardie describes this as attending a social gathering of the dead (Picardie in Making Sense of Death and Dying and Bereavement: An Anthology, pg 198, E arle, et al). Research and studies regarding the beliefs and views of individuals in life after death vary from person to person depending on their religious or non-religious beliefs. For example the article â€Å"Life at the end of Life: beliefs about individual life after death and â€Å"good death† models a qualitive study† Toscani, F., et al, highlights two different models and arguments regarding death and what would be classed as a â€Å"good death†. The attitudes and assumptions depend on whether the individual is a believer or non-believer but even then there can be conflicting opinions between faiths. Tibetan Buddhism describes in great detail the process of death and the passage over. Tibetan Buddhists are encouraged to read â€Å"The Tibetan Book of the Dead† and when an individual is dying, there is a common conception that it is good to read this book to the dying person. â€Å"By understanding the death process and familiarisingour self with it, we can remove fear at the time of death and ensure a good rebirth† (Death and Dying in the Tibetan Buddhist Tradition, Hawter; V.P internet source: Buddahnet.com). In contrast, Seventh-day Adventist beliefs regarding death are totally different from those of other religions. Adventists believe that people do not die nor do they go to Heaven or Hell. It is their belief that the individual â€Å"goes to sleep and will rise again on the Day of Judgement†. (Kormaromy, 2005, Block1, unit 1, section 1.2, pg13). By this they mean the person will remain unconscious until the return of Christ. The views of atheists vary, although the consensus is that there is no life after death, that when we die, we die, and that is it. â€Å"If I am, death is not; if death is, I am no longer: why, then, fear death?† (Toscani,et al(2003), OU course website, pg 8). This does not mean that atheists do not have a fear of death, like believers there are similarities with regards to how they will die and where they would like to die. I worked with a family whose child was dying. When trying to support the family through this difficult period they spoke of feeling angry at individuals who had questioned why they were not in church praying. They informed me that as far as they were concerned that when their child died that was the end. They stated their only fear was that their child would die alone if they left his side. The management of death and dying has changed over time. French Historian, Phillipe Aries claimed that in the Middle Ages people appeared more optimistic with regards to death, as they acknowledged death as part of life, as it unavoidable. The death affected not only the family of the deceased but the community as a whole. With individuals being assigned particular roles, for example, preparing the body for burial, announcing the death and it was customary to view the body of the deceased. Death was a common occurrence and this may explain why death was seen as inevitable and therefore not feared. Aires argued that after the 19th century death in western society was hidden and following the First World War, death became a taboo subject and was no longer seen as a natural process of life. (Block 1, unit 2.2, pg 38). The explanation for this could be that it was due to what we know as the ‘nuclear family era? Norbert Elias (1985) would argue that in todays society the role of preparing the deceased has been taken over by funeral directors who offer a wide range of services to the family. This includes collecting and preparing the body for burial or cremation. In my own recent experience of the death of my son, the only duty the funeral director could not undertake was to register the death. Elias argument â€Å"is that dying people are now more isolated than in the past† (Block 1, Unit 2.2 pg40). It should be noted that some traditions continue, for example, the viewing of the deceased remains within many faiths be it within a church setting or funeral directors chapel of rest, although this is usually by family and close friends. This could explain why Aires theory that death after the 19th century did not have an overall impact on the community but rather than on a smaller network, family and friends. German Sociologist, Norbert Elias (1985), (Block 1, unit 2.2, pg 40) challenged Aires ideas, that in the past, death was accepted as being a natural process. Elias claimed death was painful as life was much shorter and more dangerous. Conclusion Perhaps the idea of life after death allows us to cope with what can only be seen as a natural fear as the alternative, non-existence is unimaginable and we are psychologically inept to deal with this. Therefore we need to ask the question is death something feared by all? Is this a hypothesis or could it be that for many individuals, especially, those in old age or with a terminal illness that death could be the beginning of something better. It can therefore be argued that whilst individuals and society have diverse opinions regarding death and what happens to them when they die, the majority do have a fear of how they will die. For example being alone, suffering pain, dying young or, being forgotten.

Gendre Stereotyping :: essays research papers

In the year 2000, the average person is spending more of his/her leisure time watching television, or using their computer. The shows on TV and the information available to us available through all types of media influence our decision process. An individuals perception of the world is ever-changing as he/she recieves more and more information. Although being informed is good, it can be very dangerous. TV influences every aspect of our lives; our life style, what we wear, how we look, and how we act. Children are more susceptible to the influence of television compared to adults. This is true because of a lack of maturity. Children often identify with a popular movie or television character although both adults and children are influenced by television. Information acquired through all media can be destructive. We know information can be harmful when we use the terms "tomboy" and "sissy". These terms automatically make the accused party an outcast. The term "tomboy" is used when referring to a girl who may seem slightly masculine, whereas the term "sissy" is used to describe a boy whe may seem slightly feminine. The socially accepted despcription of what it is to be masculine is to be strong, to be able to support a family, and to have high stamina. On the other hand, what it is to be feminine is to be a loving mother, and to stay home with their kids. Men and women have very specific and very different dress codes. Men must where suits and women must wear dresses. Men must stay away from feminine colours such as purple and pink. Whoever crosses the gendre based lines may be made fun of or shunned by others. We are not only trying to fit in the gendre molds ourselves, but also tend to pass them on to our own children. We attempt to protect them from being shunned by society by setting the mold for them as well. The key differences between men and women seem to have been existing since the beginning of time. This is because from birth, a boy is dressed in blue and a girl wears pink. Children even have much different toys. Boys play with trucks and violence oreinted toys, and girls play with dolls. Since men and women are conditioned to be different from birth, it is not surprising that there is a huge gender gap. Gender gaps are common in sports, because sports are traditionally regarded as masculine activities.

Malaysia Airlines Essay

Malaysia Airline should reduce the price of ticket to attract more passengers. Although the profit will be reduce, but the increase of the number of passengers will cover it back. In long term, it will bring more benefit to the company. Malaysia Airline also needs to have more promotion to attract the low income of passengers. For example, promote special ticket for a group of students or for family to travel during the school holiday. This is because during holiday, many of the students and family plan to have trip, special ticket for them will attract them travel by Malaysia Airline. The uniform of Malaysia Airline is not interesting because of the colour. The colour of their uniform is too dark and cannot give a good image to passengers. They choose Batik is a good idea, it can show the traditional of Malay wear, but change the colour to sharp will be better. This is not only gave a good outlook and also give confident to passengers. Image of a company is also very important, it can bring a lot of benefit to the company. In conclusion, Malaysia Airline has become a well built and successful leader in the airline industry. Malaysia airline has become a famous and strong company in the market. The company understands and knows well about the internal and external environment that helps the company to perform better and compete with the other airline companies in the market. The mega and task factors are essential to helps the company in developing strategies that help the company to solve the crisis faced by the company. Besides that, the management level of the company also has the ability to forecast the market trends and help in decision making for the company based on the statistically review. Malaysia Airline CEO, TengkuDatukAzmilZahruddin use autocratic leadership style to lead the company, because he had well structure to lead the company, it will successful in the future under autocratic leadership. Malaysia Airline has done a good job in providing five star services and maintaining long term relationship with the customers and clients.

Terracog Case Study

In this case, there are three main meetings which have been held. Throughout these three meetings, and according to the TerraCog’s meeting culture that I observed, I can find some problems that may generate some negative influence on the meeting dynamics and may not conduct a good result easily. To begin with, I will brief describe the performance about these three meetings regarding the project of Aerial. According to the timeline of events providing by the case, these three meetings are held from spring 2007 to March 2008 whose topic is concerning the product design, market positioning, cost estimates, and price making.The first meeting is held in order to â€Å"speed development and avoid the costs of new moldings and major reconfiguration† (Case PP3). The product design & development team decided to redesign based on the old products within the existing GPS technology. As the case, the convener of this meeting is Richard Fiero, the president of TerraCog, and the par ticipants include Allen Roth, director of design & development, and ED Pryor, Vice president of sales.The main issue for this meeting is regarding the features and quality of the new product competing with the rivals such as Posthaste and Garmin. In this meeting they successfully reached the agreement about what kind product TerraCog will design and produce, and Roth was tasked to be in charge of the designing and cost estimating. Because this is a brief and short meeting just for assigning the tasks, there is few conflict and disagreement in the meeting. The second meeting is Aerial Pre-Launch Meeting which is convened be Emma Richardson, the new executive vice president on March 7, 2008.Because the design team completed Aerial by the end of 2007 and the product team had finished the test of the model, Richardson held this meeting with sales, production, and design & development to discuss the cost estimate and retail price of the new product. The specific participants are Emma Ric hardson, Ed Pryor, Allen Roth, Tony Barren, the product director, Cory Wu, the manager of software and firmware design, and Alice Gorga, the manager of hardware design.However, in the meeting the disagreement occurred, Barren said that the cost of the new product production is too high because of Aerial’s higher-end components and complicated manufacture. While Pryor said he could not sell the new products in such high cost. Also Cory Wu showed her puzzle about the high cost. Due to his problem, the meeting came to a deadlock. Reviewing this meeting, I think Emma Richardson who was the convener and facilitator did less to smooth and facilitate the meeting. The only thing she did was suggesting ending the meeting when the participants were at an impasse.Also in the third meeting, though she invited more people such as Becky Timmons, the CFO, and Harold Whislter, the Vice President of design and development, to attend the Resumption meeting, Richardson did nothing but let the q uarrel carry on because I cannot see any word of Richardson in the meeting. In my opinion, there were some opportunities for facilitator to adjust the rhythm of the meeting. For example, in the Aerial Pre-Launch Meeting, when Barren finished his serious word, as the facilitator, Emma Richardson should make some word to smooth the atmosphere of the meeting, whatever it is the joke or semiformal word.In this way, the conflict or disagreement will not so easily to be occurred like the situation in the description of the case. Regarding the latter two meetings, there are several factors contributing to the dysfunctional meeting culture. The first factor is my previous statement, the malfunction of the role of the facilitator. The second factor is the seats of the Resumption of Pre-Launch Meeting. In the meeting, inappropriate seats may aggravate the conflict between both sides. In the seats of the resumption meeting, on one hand, Emma Richardson as the facilitator sat in a wrong place, instead, she should sit in the middle of both sides.In this seat, she can observe the situation of meeting more easily, and it was convenient for her the ask questions to both sides. On the other hand, Tony Barren and Allen Roth should sit in the same side, and Ed Pryor and Cory Wu should sit at the other side. Finally, I think the appropriate facilitator of the third meeting should be Richard Fiero, the President of TerraCog. Because Emma Richard seemed to can’t control the situation in the Aerial Pre-Launch Meeting, and in the resumption meeting, the facilitator and mediator should be the people in a higher position: Richard Fiero.This is what I concluded and assessed for the previous meeting held in TerraCog. However, for the next meeting that will be held next week, and in order to successfully facilitate, I should make more consideration about how to design and conduct the upcoming meeting. Firstly, I will think about the purpose and deliverables of the third launching m eeting. The purpose should be, as the case writes, how to â€Å"push them to one†. Recalling the last meeting, the disagreement concerns on the high cost and it causes a big problem for marketing.Ed Pryor require the production to cut down the cost, but the request are declined because Tony Barren, director of the production said that it was unlikely to reduce the cost because once we did that, some key features of the new products would be lost and it would weaken the competitiveness of the new products. Therefore, I think the main purpose is how to unify the different opinions about cost cutting. If we solve the problem, the next steps regarding the pricing and go-to-market plan will be easily settled, and the project launching meeting will be finished successfully.In aspect to the participants of the upcoming meeting, I strongly recommend that the president should attend the meeting. As I stated previously, Emma Richardson is out of capacity, further, the authority, to con trol the situation of the meeting because it relates the disagreement of two big departments, sales and production. Therefore, it is necessary that the president appears in the meeting. Even president Fiero should be the facilitator and mediator of the meeting. As for the other participants, I think it is nice with the same list of the last meeting.However, for the Harold Whistler, I think he did not well play his role in the last meeting. As the leader who is in charge of the design and development, he made less constructive suggestion for the problem solving. For the issues that will discuss in the next meeting, I think they mainly constitute three points. The first and the most important issue is about the cost of the new product. The production department thought the cost they estimated is very sound. However, the marketing section of TerraCog cannot make an appropriate marketing plan that would retake the losing market share in such high cost.Therefore the first issue is how to balance the cost, features and sales regarding the new product. The second issue is the re-pricing and re-positioning on the market after both sides reach an agreement on the production cost. The final issue is about the go-to-marketing of the new product and the related competition strategies. The latter two issues should be addressed easily once the first problem is solved. For the facilitation guide, I will more think about the approaches how to mediate the argument and disagreement between the departments of sales and production. One approach is one-to-one debate.Now Ed Pryor, the vice president of sales represents the voice of sales, however, there are different voice in the department of design and production. For example, Cory Wu, manager of software and firmware design also thinks the cost of producing the new product is too high. Also, Alice Gorga was absent the last meeting, and I do not know his attitude about the problem. Therefore, I think an important step is integrat ing the opinions inside the party of design and production as the one voice. Particularly, Harold Whistler should play a key role in this job because he is in charge of the design and production department.First he should unify the views inside the group, and then I think Fiero should communicate with him to learn about the idea of the production department. That is the right step to gathering and processing the right information. Besides, at the site of the meeting, Fiero (facilitator) should hold a brainstorming to come up with the solution of disagreement. This approach guarantee everyone engage in the discussion and it is more possible to excogitate the ideas by participants. More important, the brainstorming method will desalt the opposite atmosphere and change it to practical ways to find the solutions.

Crime against Criminals essays

Crime against Criminals essays A Cult Icon Mark Chopper Read Mark Chopper Read is a renowned criminal from Australia. He is a notorious career criminal, arsonist, bully, extortionist, murderer. He is now a novelist with ten best selling books depicting his criminal acts, has had a movie based on his life, starred in television commercials and written 3 childrens books. So why do people respect and admire the man? Personally, having seen the film and read a few of his books, it is easy he is a likeable character, he stories are amusing, his sense of innocent blunt writing tells you a lot about him and allows you to almost befriend him, but you are left thinking what if there is two sides to the coin? He could portray his life of crime in a sense of fun but he can also choose to neglect his more serious or frowned upon crimes he may have committed. Even still the Chopper fan club has been around for along time now, before his first book was even published so there must be more to the reasoning of why after all the crimes he has committed he is still an icon? I think his victims and morals have a lot to do with the admiration of Chopper, his morals are pretty much that of the average person. He is believes on only extorting drug dealers, his premise is that they are getting a lot of money for causing the country harm so if he cant stop them then he will take a percentage of what they have got. His murder case was against a member of a thug motorbike gang that terrorized locals, even though there was insufficient proof he still was charged. Chopper believes that it is unfair for innocent people to suffer from crime, he is against drugs and dealers thinking they are the lowest form of life because they target kids for money, he claims to have never taken advantage of anybody innocent. So therefore he is represented as someone who is committing crime but ye ...

The Matrix essays

The Matrix essays How the Matrix has used many different theories, issues and strategies to captivate the audiences imagination. We live in a post modernistic society that today the globalisation of companies has pre occupied our lives our individualism is being challenged, most of our information is recycled through past philosophy and styles within our worlds history and culture. With the Matrix I will give a description of the text telling of the basic plot outline for a reader who has not watched the film, next I will analysis a scene from the film indicating uses of genre, postmodernism, past styles, and the mise en scene within the scene. In the Matrix I want to address post modernism theories and forms of style and usages of other documentation that have given the film meaning and association. I will discuss religious identifications within the film, European and non-European influences such as film style and genre. I will examine recycled material from other films that the Matrix has adopted all of which will build up to my analytical account from a critical analysis of the Matrix from sight and sound. I will look at what the text has to say about the film and how it is backed up from all these issues that I have brought up in the earlier sections of this account. Finally I will look at audience and marketing issues analysing consumerism and advertising trends that benefited the new angle that the Matrix has to offer, seeing whether it worked or not, and to what effect it consequences has on the audience. The Matrix is about a computer hacker names Thomas Anderson aka Neo, he is on a search for a man called, Morpheus in order to find out the meaning of what the Matrix is. The film addresses the perception of what reality is and how do you know what is real on what is not. Neo learns about the reality of the human race being taken over by AI in the late 21st century, now waken to the un imagery true that the humans are a ...

Awhile versus A While - Commonly Confused Words

'Awhile' versus 'A While' - Commonly Confused Words Its easy to confuse the adverb awhile with the two-word noun phrase a while: the main difference between them is grammatical.The adverb awhile (one word) means for a short time: Stay awhile. The noun phrase a while (two words) refers to a period of time: I sat for a while and waited. Also, see the usage notes below. Examples Before removing the radiator cap, wait awhile for the engine to cool.I havent been to a football game in a long while. Usage Notes Awhile is an adverb, with the same meaning as the adverbial prepositional phrase for a while: Lets rest awhile; Lets rest for a while. When for a while cannot be substituted for awhile, awhile should be a while: spend a while with me. When for occurs, awhile should not follow; Stay for awhile should be Stay for a while or Stay awhile.(Edward Johnson, The Handbook of Good English. Washington Square Press, 1991)As a noun, spell it as two words:  a while. As an adverb, spell it as one:  awhile.(Bryan Garner, Garners Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press, 2009) Practice (a) Lifes short. If you dont look around once in _____ you might miss it.(Ferris Bueller in the movie  Ferris Buellers Day Off, 1986)(b) Merdine invited me to stay ____ longer, but it was getting late. Answers to Practice Exercises: Awhile and A While a) Lifes short. If you dont look around once in a while you might miss it. (Ferris Bueller)(b) Merdine invited me to stay awhile longer, but it was getting late.   Glossary of Usage: Index of Commonly Confused Words

Cpca comunication phenomenon and concept or artifact Term Paper

Cpca comunication phenomenon and concept or artifact - Term Paper Example The girls are shown either walking leisurely along the beaches or swimming in the waters in a manner that highlights their beauty and the serenity of the environment. In some sense, the advert reinforces the notion and stereotype of slimness and feminine beauty. This Paper will discuss the impact of swimsuit video advertisements of female audiences. The message in the video CPCA is anchored in the flow of images, which keep shifting in rapid succession. There is no use of language such that only a mellifluous melody accompanies the images. The melody is enhances the aesthetic elements of the other features in the video advert in a way that increases the visual rhetoric of the CPCA. The bright yellow, pink, and purple colors are effectively used to attract the female audiences, who comprise the primary targets of the advertisement. The images in motion effectively bring out the beauty in diverse dimensions in a way that enabled the viewer to appreciate the many different aspects of th e swimsuit. By involving models from various continents, the advert aims to give a universal quality to the message of beauty as represented in the image of the swimsuit. The theories of constructivism and symbolic interactionism as developed by Jesse Delia and George Herbert Mead respectively could be used to apply explain the meaning of this CPCA. Delia in his theory of constructivism argues that individuals whose perceptions of others are more cognitively complex will tend to have the mental capacity for constructing sophisticated message plans, which pursue multiple goals(Griffin 97). According to the theory, such individuals will possess the capacity to supply person-centered messages, which conform to the outcomes they desire (Griffin 97). This theory could be seen within the context of socio-psychological traditions. It could also be explained within the rhetorical traditions (Griffin 97). When applied to the swimsuit advert CPCA, it might be argued that the video was specifi cally tailored to suit the complex cognitive abilities of the urban young women. At the psychological and rhetoric level, the CPCA has subtle and subliminal influences that would influence the targeted audience to pursue the items and meanings used in the advert. On the other hand, the theory of symbolic interactionism holds that the actions of individuals towards people, events, or things, is largely determined by the meanings that they assign to such things (Griffin 59). When people choose to define certain situations are being real, then the consequences also become real (Griffin 59). The theory foregrounds the aspect of language as central to thought, sense of self, and the socializing presence of society in the individual (Griffin 59). Basing on the identified CPCA the target audience will connect the meaning of the advert with the notions of slimness, which they assign to beauty. At the psychological level, they will strive to imitate the models in the video as the embodiment of beauty due to the cultural and social associations they assign to them. The identified CPCA helps in the understanding of the constructivism theory and the theory of symbolic interactionism because it highlights on the value of images in promoting meaning and reactions in the target audience. The CPCA also expands on the understanding of the kind of strategies that advertisements use to appeal to the

The great depression Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The great depression - Research Paper Example The depression drastically changed living standards worldwide as people suffered losses of wealth and regular income. However, the depression initiated several policy responses to change the economic downturn. The period also witnessed the growth of the labor unions and various welfare schemes were introduced by the US government to cater for the unemployed. Several key government regulations and policies were also introduced to counteract the effect of the depression. Some of these policies did not help in improving the situation and contributed to a slower recovery period. It was only after the World War II that the country’s economy was back on the recovery track with increases in consumer spending and rises in employment (Romer; Smiley). The great depression caused huge declines employment, industrial production and growth and deflation in all countries worldwide. Beginning in the United States in the summer of 1929, the effect of the depression spread far and wide across many countries in Europe and Latin America and in Japan. The depression worsened during late 1929 and lasted up to 1933. During this period the industrial production in America declined by 47 percent and the GDP reduced by 30 percent. The wholesale price index or the deflation rate slumped by 33 percent and the unemployment rate increased by 20 percent (Romer). Several causes have been attributed to have caused the great depression. Monetary contractions by the Federal Reserve and a general decline in consumer spending are considered to be principle causes that initiated the depression. The stock market grew explosively during the 1920’s with the stock prices reaching its peak in 1929. In order to curb this rapid rise in stock prices the Fed eral Reserve increased the interest rates which caused the initial decline in consumer spending. This was followed by a gradual decline in stock prices which eventually led to rapid selling as investors began to lose

The Use of Recurring Theme in Ha-Jins Work Research Paper

The Use of Recurring Theme in Ha-Jins Work - Research Paper Example The research paper "The Use of Recurring Theme in Ha-Jin’s Work" analyses the creative works of a popular poet and novel writer Ha-Jin and his new and unique view of literature. He majorly writes about his experience during his stay in China, his experience during the proletarian Cultural Revolution of 1956, being the main fueling factor that propelled him to speak out through writing short stories in his famous collection known as The Red Flag, in which he points out the then normal daily lives of villagers. His work majorly revolves around attempts to speak the truth of life as it is without sugarcoating the psychology of the reader in order to make the work appealing. To some point, he views himself as a spokesperson of the people, but then his career as a writer prevents him from fully expressing his emotions and grievances. The main theme in his new works is humanity and human feasibility, which he explores throughout his later literary works. For instance, he focuses on the most recent political activities, as well as how these activities affect humanity’s life. He explicitly explored the political regime and its unfriendly reality, which was manifested in human’s life. An example is the story, Waiting (1999), which does not address the issues of culture revolution, but rather focuses on one's personal life, the desire of the heart, their love life. Dr. Lin Kong and Shuyu are forced to wait for eighteen years before marrying because he had not gotten his divorce approved by the court. Later, he gets the long coveted divorce then marries her after being permitted by a law that allowed those who have been separated for eighteen years to divorce; however, after marrying her, he does not seem to love her. The desires of human hearts greatly conflict the orders and values established by the la w of the land. He has to travel to the village regularly to get his divorce and be free. However, he has to wait for this long trapped by societal demands and expectations with one woman on one side while, on the other side, he longs to be with the woman he truly loves. He is in a dilemma regarding the two women who belongs to different takes of life. For example, one belongs to the new China of the Cultural Revolution and one given to him by the traditions. This is a great love story that is seen overcoming cultural barriers of his family. This story explores the antagonism between an individual’s emotional feeling and the societal norms. Ha- Jin clearly identifies the existing disagreement between the individuals and the society. The story represents the constant change in the political nature and

Dissertation ;HOW EFFECTIVE ARE CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENTS IN CHANGING UK Essay

Dissertation ;HOW EFFECTIVE ARE CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENTS IN CHANGING UK CONSUMER ATTITUDES ABOUT VARIOUS CLOTHING BRANDS - Essay Example The paper has been based on two main objectives, i.e. Studying the consumer attitude towards brands and Studying the impact of the celebrity endorsements on UK customer attitudes in clothing industry. The paper has a major limitation as it lacks a qualitative research and is also focused on the low income group of the population. The research findings clearly highlight that a majority of the individuals are not impacted by the celebrity endorsements. Branding is one of the most essential aspects of any business. In the recent times, the main motif behind complete branding can be understood to be attempts to combine the customer preferences with the various diverse activities. The impact of celebrity endorsements on an overall brand specifically in the clothing industry is essential to understand and relate to. The form of marketing adopted by marketers significantly affect the consumer purchasing style and decisions. Fashion marketing is a complicated business process, much like any other industry, which involves everyone in the industry from manufacturing workers to the retail buyer. Clothing is produced, promoted using a variety of mediums, and ultimately delivered to the final buying segments. Once in the retail environment, the buyer instructs salespersons about new clothing merchandise, develops employee talents in selling and sales techniques, and generally has flexibility in deciding on specific fashions and designs (Care ers, 2005). All of these activities contribute to the process of ensuring that sales targets are met for both the manufacturer and the retail organisation which carries the fashion brands. In the UK alone, consumers spent  £46.2 billion on clothing in 2006 (Brand Strategy, 2008). Across the whole of Europe, consumers spent 311.6 billion Euros on clothing and fashion, representing a very profitable industry internationally. Marketers hence recognise this industry is very large and

Christianity vs Islam in the Middle Ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Christianity vs Islam in the Middle Ages - Essay Example However, it was, modern historians agree, a dynamic string of centuries when from the ruins of the Roman Empire new powers emerged, namely Islam-ruled states of al-Andalus in Spain in the West, the Ottoman Empire in the East and between them the new power houses of Christendom, where crusades originated. It was not simply a battle of religions, but a clash of civilizations to dominate the known world (excluding China and India). In this battle modern Europe was born, both in terms of aggressive â€Å"crusader† attitude and missionary approach of assimilating other cultures. Moreover, even such a modern term like â€Å"cold war† first appeared in Spain in the XIII century to mark the difficulties two cultures trying to coexist are facing2. The Islam and the Christianity, in an odd manner, managed to simultaneously co-exist and to battle almost uninterruptedly on the European scene for more than eight centuries. These two civilizations were â€Å"caught up in a situation where old cultural and social patterns had been broken and new ones were forming†3. Between 636, when the Battle of Yarmouk took place, and 1453, when Constantinople fell, the head city of an already beheaded Byzantine Empire, Europe’s history was dominated by constant rivalry between Islam and Christendom, whose â€Å"attitudes to Islam had been compounded of ignorance, misperception, hostility and fear†4. On the other hand, in the process of fighting for domination Islam and Christianity inevitably borrowed from each other, while constantly desecrating the world of â€Å"the other†. The largest cathedral of the Byzantine Empire, â€Å"St. Sophia†, was transformed to a mosque by the Turks, while many mosques in Spain were changed to churches during and after the Reconquista. Historians agree that this struggle began in 636 when the armies of Byzantium faced those of the Rashidun Caliphate in the Battle of Yarmouk and were defeated. This massive

Language of the future generation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Language of the future generation - Essay Example Moreover, all the things of the world are interconnected, because the language is a binding part of this chain. Therefore, the language deserves respect and special attention, as any important thing deserves respect and special attention. Every day we use many different words. These words are in turn arranged in a certain order, which forms a unique and interesting world. This world has its own laws and also the presence of certain secrets. The world of language besides has its own unique history. Therefore, the words, with which we share with each other, always act on our souls, thoughts and life in general. In everyday life we ​​use language such often as breathe and walk. Communication is our common means of transmission of any information. But if we use a variety of words and phrases, we should think about their origin and meaning. After all, how correctly and competently we use the tools of our language, how we are perceived by others. One word can sometimes have o n the interlocutor quite diverse influences. So from the early age, when we begin to learn the basics of grammar and vocabulary, we must diligently and in good faith to obtain this knowledge. Otherwise, the person will not know the correct language. So, when he becomes an adult and independent person, he would realize that good knowledge of the language would make him more authoritative and wise for example among his colleagues. However, he will experience a shame and a lack of success.

Christianity vs Islam in the Middle Ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Christianity vs Islam in the Middle Ages - Essay Example However, it was, modern historians agree, a dynamic string of centuries when from the ruins of the Roman Empire new powers emerged, namely Islam-ruled states of al-Andalus in Spain in the West, the Ottoman Empire in the East and between them the new power houses of Christendom, where crusades originated. It was not simply a battle of religions, but a clash of civilizations to dominate the known world (excluding China and India). In this battle modern Europe was born, both in terms of aggressive â€Å"crusader† attitude and missionary approach of assimilating other cultures. Moreover, even such a modern term like â€Å"cold war† first appeared in Spain in the XIII century to mark the difficulties two cultures trying to coexist are facing2. The Islam and the Christianity, in an odd manner, managed to simultaneously co-exist and to battle almost uninterruptedly on the European scene for more than eight centuries. These two civilizations were â€Å"caught up in a situation where old cultural and social patterns had been broken and new ones were forming†3. Between 636, when the Battle of Yarmouk took place, and 1453, when Constantinople fell, the head city of an already beheaded Byzantine Empire, Europe’s history was dominated by constant rivalry between Islam and Christendom, whose â€Å"attitudes to Islam had been compounded of ignorance, misperception, hostility and fear†4. On the other hand, in the process of fighting for domination Islam and Christianity inevitably borrowed from each other, while constantly desecrating the world of â€Å"the other†. The largest cathedral of the Byzantine Empire, â€Å"St. Sophia†, was transformed to a mosque by the Turks, while many mosques in Spain were changed to churches during and after the Reconquista. Historians agree that this struggle began in 636 when the armies of Byzantium faced those of the Rashidun Caliphate in the Battle of Yarmouk and were defeated. This massive

Treat and Identify Bipolar disorder Essay Example for Free

Treat and Identify Bipolar disorder Essay Thesis Statement: Bipolar Disorder is a disorder that roots from the genes and upbringing of the parents with their kids. This disorder can be brought until adulthood and greatly affects the social, emotional, psychosocial life of the concerned individual. Introduction:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over the centuries, authorities have distinguished a variety of psychological disorders, each characterized by its own set of symptoms. Hippocrates devised the first system for classifying psychological disorders, which include mania or excitement, melancholia or severe depression, phrenitis or disorganized thinking. In 1883 German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin devised the first modern classification system, combining Hippocrates categories of mania and melancholia into a disorder called Manic Depression. Today Manic Depression is called Bipolar Disorder (Hirschfeld, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A Biblical story describes how King Saul stripped off his clothes in public, exhibited alternating bouts of elation and severe depression, and eventually committed suicide. Though the story attributes his behavior to evil spirits, psychologists might attribute it to a Bipolar Disorder. A Bipolar disorder, is formerly called manic depression, is characterized by days or weeks of mania alternating with longer periods of major depression, typically separated by days or weeks of normal moods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mania, from the Greek term for â€Å"madness† is characterized by euphoria, hyperactivity, grandiose ideas, incoherent talkativeness, unrealistic, optimism and inflated self- esteem. Manics are sexually, physically and financially reckless. They may also overestimate their own abilities, perhaps leading them to make rush business deals or to leave a sedentary job to train for the Olympics. At some time in their lives, almost 1 percent of adults have a bipolar disorder, which is equally common in males and females (Spitzer et al., 2001). Discussion:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Biopsychological Viewpoint:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Mood disorders have a biological basis, apparently influenced by heredity. Identical twins have higher concordance rates for major depression and bipolar disorder. Identical twins have the same genetic inheritance; this provides evidence of a hereditary predisposition to develop mood disorders  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Some of the evidence for a hereditary basis of bipolar disorder has been provided by a study of the Amish community in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Because the Amish have a culturally and genetically isolated community, only marrying among themselves, they provide an excellent opportunity to study the influence of heredity on psychological disorders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, there must be other mechanism for the inheritance of Bipolar Disorder because other studies of families in which Bipolar Disorder follows a hereditary pattern have failed to find a genetic marker on the eleventh chromosome. The hereditary predisposition to develop mood disorders may manifest itself by its effect on neurotransmitters. Major depression is related to abnormally low levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. Serotonin seems to moderate norepinephrine’s relationship to both mania and major depression. Mania is associated with a combination of low levels of serotonin and high levels of norepinephrine (American Psychiatric Association, 2003)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Psychoanalytic Viewpoint:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The traditional Psychoanalytic viewpoint holds that the loss of a parent or rejection by a parent in early childhood predisposes the person to experience depression whenever he or she suffers a personal loss, such as a job or a lover, late r in life. Because the Child feels it is unacceptable to express anger at the lost or rejecting parent, the child learns to turn anger on himself or herself, creating feelings of guilt and self- loathing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Behavioral Viewpoint:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Behavioral explanations pf depression stresses the role of learning and environmental factors. On of the most influential behavioral theories of depression is Peter Lewinsohn’s Reinforcement theory, which assumes that depressed people lack the social skills needed to gain normal social reinforcement from others and may, instead, provoked negative reactions from them. For example, depressed people stimulate less smiling, fewer statements of support, more unpleasant facial expressions, and more negative remarks from other than do nondepressed people (Wallace, 2000).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Humanistic Viewpoint:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Those who favor the Humanistic viewpoint attribute depression to the frustration of self- actualization. More specifically, depressed people suffer from incongruence between their actual self and their ideal self. The actual self is the person’ subjective appraisal of his or her own qualities. The ideal self is the person’s subjective judgment of the person he or she would like to become. If the actual self has qualities that are too distinct from those of the ideal self, the person becomes depressed (Wallace, 2000).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mania and the Bipolar Affective Disorders:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before considering the symptoms of mania, we must point out that few individuals who experience mania seem to avoid depression. Much more frequently an episode of mania is associated with one or more episodes of severe depression. Because of this, when one or more episodes of mania are manifested but no depressions have been present, the individual is still given a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder. A presumption is made that sometime in the future a major depressive episode will occur. That such a depressive episode will always occur (Spitzer et al., 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Manic Behavior:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The typical signs of Mania involve a period when an individual is unusually elated and expansive, and often irritable when frustrated. The manic mood usually fluctuates over time. Mood   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The manic has been described as on a natural high. Mood is euphoric and cheerful. The person often feels that anything is possible if only one puts one’s mind to the task. Great plans are often made, and if these plans are disrupted by external frustration, the mood may change to one of anger and irritability (Wallace, 2000). Thought   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     In a manic phase, the individual ha san overwhelmingly positive self – image. Belief in one owns abilities are boundless, and expectations of success are unrealistic. Failure is blamed on others, problems are denied and Manics often insist they have never felt better, thought clearer, or been more powerful. As the mania becomes more pronounced, there may be delusions of grandiosity: beliefs that one has special powers or talents. Hallucinations may occur, and usually consist of voices telling the person that he or she ha special mission or ability. Behavior   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     In manic episode, the individual’s energy seems boundless. Often only a few hours’ sleep is required per night. The individual may be very active, planning many events, taking on new duties, developing new relationships. Vacations may be started only to be broken off so that the individual can return to work. There may be buying sprees, high risk money investments, and hyper sexuality. Behaviorally, the individual appears â€Å"supercharged†. Judgment is often impaired. Dress may become bizarre, and women may apply their makeup in unusual and odd ways, using strange colors that make them appear to be wearing war paint. A notable characteristic of manic behavior is speech that is loud and rapid, as if spewing out under some internal pressure. The manic may manifest â€Å"flight of ideas,† a continuous stream of speech may become disorganized, and the individual may be extremely distractible by environmental stimuli (American Psychiatric Association, 2003). Bipolar Affective Disorders:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the mood swings of the Bipolar Disorder are mild, the behavior is called Cyclothymic Disorder. Major Bipolar Affective Disorder: In Bipolar disorder, mixed, the manic and depressive mood and behaviors alternate. The individual goes from one extreme to the other with periods of normal mood in between. It is obvious that a major feature of the bipolar disorder is the change from one mood extreme to another. III. Treatments:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Biological Treatments Electroconvulsive Therapy An electric current is applied to the patient’s brain in order to reduce seizures. The manifestations of the seizures are â€Å"softened† by the use of muscle- relaxant drugs; and the patient is also given a drug which results in unconsciousness to avoid the unpleasant and often frightening experience of the treatment.   ECT appears to be effective with major depressions. It lifts depression rapidly within days or weeks. This is advantageous when there is a plan for a suicide. Although it has adverse effects like significant memory impairment, which may be long lasting and also depression may recur. Drug Therapy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The use of chemical compounds to treat affective disorders is very common. The unipolar disorders are typically treated with drugs of the tricyclic class like antidepressants which increase the availability of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft. A commonly used tricyclic drug is named Elavil. Bipolar disorders are often treated with both tricyclic and lithium, depending upon whether the individual is depressed or in a manic phase. Once the individual’s mood has been changed by the chemical, the drug may continue to be taken for maintenance purposes. When an individual manifest a bipolar affective disorder and is in a depressive episode, the anti depressant drugs are sometimes used to lift the mood, but this sometimes precipitates a manic episode. The bipolar disorder is most commonly treated today through the administration of lithium carbonate. Many studies indicate that this lithium salt is highly effective in reducing the exaggerated mood of mania in about 80 percent of the persons who take it. After having been used for mania, lithium was discovered to have some utility for the depressive episodes in bipolar disorders and in recurrent unipolar disorders (Hirschfeld, 1999). The Psychological Approaches Psychological approaches o the affective disorders, including traditional psychotherapy and the cognitive and behavioral therapies, have focused on the unipolar depressions and especially on the non psychotic depressions. Dynamic Psychotherapy Treating severe depression with psychotherapy is a difficult task. Such patients rarely have enough energy to participate actively in an interpersonal interchange with a therapist. Behavior Therapy   In spite of its high incidence, bipolar disorder has received little attention from behavioral clinicians. However, if it is due to a reduction in reinforcement, one approach to the problem would be to teach a patient to engage in activities that is more self- reinforcing. Another approach is to train the individual to behave in ways that maximize the likelihood of reinforcement. Cognitive Therapy The behavior therapies mentioned involve the modification of cognitions, for example, the belief that one is helpless to change oneself or to control the environment. It focuses on modifying the erroneous, irrational cognitions held by depressed individuals. These persons have predominately negative view of themselves: they are self- blaming, exaggerate external problems, devalue themselves, and are pessimistic about their future. Cognitive therapy intervenes with this through a variety of techniques. Therapy is structured an directive, and usually short – term. The therapists used behavioral techniques, which include planning productive activities and scheduling potentially enjoyable events, to break the mania (Wallace, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   References: American Psychiatric Association, (2003). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (6th Ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Beck, A. T. Depression: Clinical, Experimental and Theoretical Aspects. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers. Hirschfeld, R. M. A., Cross, C.K. (1999).   Epidemiology of effective disorders. Psychosocial risk factors. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 35-46. Spitzer et al., (2001).   DSM-III case book: A learning companion to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th Ed). Washington, DC:   American Psychiatric Association. Wallace, E., IV. (2000). What is â€Å"truth†? Some philosophical contributions to psychiatric issues. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 137-147

Salmonella Infection: Causes and Effects

Salmonella Infection: Causes and Effects Recently, food safety is an increasingly important public health issue with news of food poisoning reported daily. Governments all over the world are intensifying their efforts to improve food safety. These efforts are in response to an increasing number of food safety problems and rising consumer concerns. Foodborne is any illness resulting from the consumption of contaminated food, pathogenic bacteria, viruses or parasites that contaminate the food. Foodborne disease is a common, costly yet preventable and is a widespread public health problem, both in urban and rural areas. Symptoms of foodborne illness range from mild gastroenteritis to life-threatening neurologic, hepatic and renal syndromes. Foodborne diseases are incorrectly referred to as food poisoning due to the similarity in symptoms. Examples of foodborne diseases are Botulism, Brucellosis, Salmonellosis and many more. Salmonellosis is a type of foodborne disease caused by the Salmonella bacterium (WebMD, 2011). Salmonell a food poisoning happens when the gastrointestinal tract or the digestive tract is infected by a variety of types of Salmonella bacteria (Brian MD, 2011). The two most common are Salmonella serotype Typhimurium and Salmonella serotype Enteritidis. According to the United States Department of Health Human Services (South Heartland District, n.d.), approximately 40,000 cases of Salmonellosis are reported in the United States each year. The actual number of infections may be 30 times greater because many milder cases are not diagnosed or reported.   Salmonella bacteria live in the intestines of people and animals and are often passed on from the preparation of food to the process of food consumption. The main cause of salmonella is due to the improper hygiene of food handlers. A frequent cause is when a food handler does not wash his/her hand with soap after using a bathroom. Food becomes contaminated by the unwashed hands of an infected food handler. Infection can also spread from cutting boards, counters and kitchen utensils. Besides, some food can be contaminated such as meat during the butchering process, fish when harvested in contaminated waters and fruits and vegetables if being watered with contaminated waters or during the washing process before distribution. Furthermore, public are aware of the handling of certain animals can spread the salmonella infection. Snakes, turtles, birds, chicks and other reptiles may carry salmonella. Children are exposed to salmonella by holding and cuddling infected animals. Salmonella can also be found in the faeces of some pets, especially those with diarrhoea (Jerry Shaw, 2010). The history of Salmonella outbreak is between 2002-2003 when there was a multistate outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infections which were ultimately associated with the consumption of raw milk. Sixty-two people were infected from various countries including Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee and Illinois. Out of the 32 food samples tested, five were positive of Salmonella Typhimurium including three raw skim milk samples, one raw milk butter sample and one raw cream sample. Upon investigation, only the consumption of raw milk was associated significantly with the illnesses (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2009). A recent outbreak of Salmonella was linked to tainted melons have killed two victims and leaving 141 ills in 20 states in the United States. It is said that the salmonella outbreak linked to the contaminated rock melon grown in Southern Indiana. Agriculture experts said that the frequent problems with rock melon come from the nature of the melons and sloppy agricultural practices (Liz Szabo, 2012). One may prone to Salmonella infection during travelling which is more common in developing countries with poor sanitation. People with pets and reptile also have a higher risk of Salmonella infection. People living in group housing are more prevalent to Salmonella infection simply because they are exposed to more people. In addition, food prepared at the universities canteen often uses large amount of ground meat or unshelled eggs that have been pooled from many source. Besides, infants and elderly are more prone to Salmonella bacteria due to the weak immune system in their bodies. Besides, Salmonella infection happens more frequently during the summer compare to other seasons (Victor Smida, 2011). Salmonella germs are resistant in the environment. They can survive about 5 to 6 months in polluted water and feces, survive and reproduce in at room temperature in wet environments, in food and infusion solutions. Transmissions of Enteric Salmonellosis are caused by Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A, B and C. All the clinical entities are different in characteristic development and lasting immunity of the body. Contamination is made orally when a person eats infected food or drink infected water. After an incubation period about 14 days, the disease begins with lethargy, malaise, fever and pain during the first week followed with constipation along this period. In the second week, the bacteria are back into circulation and will cause high fever, sensitive stomach and possibly pink macules on the abdominal skin (Victor Smida, 2011). Mayo Clinic staff (2011) stated that the symptoms of Salmonella food poisoning generally begin within 8 to 72 hours after ingesting food or beverages contaminated with Salmonella bacteria. Most salmonella infections can be classified as gastroenteritis. Symptoms of Salmonellosis include fever and chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, multiple bouts of diarrhea which may be bloody and severe abdominal pain and cramps. Generally, with proper care to avoid dehydration, healthy adults can begin to seek improvement in their symptoms within a couple of days and can recover completely with a week. Most people recover without treatment. In some cases, Salmonella food poisoning can result in serious or life-threatening complications, such as severe dehydration and Reiters syndrome. A small number of people who are infected with Salmonellosis develop Reiters syndrome, a disease that can last for months or years and can lead to chronic arthritis. Seek immediate medical care if one has a change in level of consciousness or alertness, dizziness, eye irritation, painful joints, weakness and painful urination. Signs and symptoms of salmonella infection generally last four to seven days but it may take several months before the bowel habits are entirely normal. Basically, replacement of fluids and electrolytes is the focus of treatment because salmonella infection can be dehydrating. However, if the diarrhea is severe, hospitalization may require especially to younger kids, seniors and people with compromised immune systems where fluids are delivered directly into the vein. If a person is suffering from dehydration due to Salmonella, it is advisable to give the person rehydration drinks, like Pedialyte or Rehydralyte. Alternatively, the person can also be given sports drinks. Usually, it is recommended that the person continue with normal diet to obtain necessary nutrients and help in hastening process. In addition, doctor may recommend anti-diarrheal to help relieve cramping. If the salmonella bacteria are suspected to enter the bloodstream, doctor may prescribe antibiotics to kill the bacteria (OnlineMedicineTips.com, n.d.) However, prevention is better than cure. According to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, good hygiene is a priorit y when handling with food, pets and children (2011). Salmonella can be prevented by avoiding raw or unpasteurized milk and other dairy products. Wash hands after getting into contact with animal feces especially reptiles since reptiles are particularly likely to carry salmonella bacteria. Also, refrigerate and freeze leftovers right away and eat them within two or three days of refrigerating. Moreover, avoid having contact with a person who has infectious Salmonella food poisoning or its symptoms, such as vomiting and diarrhea. On top of all, drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration (Imraan Seedat, 2010).

The Effects of Color And Organization on the Web :: Website Design Internet Essays Papers

The Effects of Color And Organization on the Web The Sci-Fi network's WorldWide Web (WWW) site, on the Internet, is organized to advertise its channel and navigate you through its information easily. It achieves this by constructing its site simply and effectively using graphic designs. Because it is a commercial site, it uses appealing visual graphics associated with science fiction, and the channel, to receive your attention, and get you interested to explore its sources. However, attracting the viewer's attention with fancy graphics doesn't necessarily make it a good Web site. What makes it effective is its format of graphic designs which moves you through its information without any difficulties. The Sci-Fi network achieves this by using proper organization and use of color to design their graphics, in order to establish a successful Web site on the Internet. The Sci-Fi network uses graphic designs to organize its home page in order to produce an image that illustrates relevant logos and information about the site simultaneously. The fact that the Sci-Fi network is a commercial site on the Internet, contributes to its structure of organization. As a result, the network uses visual designs to publicize the Sci-Fi channel and help link you to its sources of information with an interesting yet effective style. The Sci-Fi network places a science fiction logo in the center of the background, which is arranged with sources along the sides and corners of the boxed image. This logo is used for illustration, and the links, (represented by small squares with titles written in them), are used for locating information of categories found within the site. The Sci-Fi network also manages to incorporate two flashing boxes which link to information about the network's TV listings, on the top two corners of the same image, and incorporates an advertiseme nt of the channels logo around the same centered image. All of this information is crucial to this commercial site, because it manages to advertise its channel and offer a concise structure of visual designs to link you to information quickly. The site is organized in this structure for these purposes and successfully manages to achieve an effective structure through this proper organization. This approach has some benefits in comparison to the use of written text in other sites, which usually contain lengthy information that may or may not interest you. For example, when you look at the Cyberpunk FAQ site, which resembles this type of organization, and compare it to the structure of the Sci-Fi WWW site, you can see the benefits of using relevant graphics to enhance a commercial Web site.

Chinas growing economy :: essays papers

After North America, Europe, and Japan, the area of China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong "is a fourth growth pole in the world economy" (Jue 108) which in 1994 was expected to double in size by 2002. Today, the growth rate is still on track to fulfill that prediction. Recent Chinese economic policies have shot the country into the world economy at full speed. As testimony of this, China’s gross domestic product has risen to seventh in the world, and its economy is growing at over nine percent per year (econ-gen 1). Starting in 1979, the Chinese have implemented numerous economic and political tactics to open the Chinese marketplace to the rest of the world. Chinese reform measures even anticipated the rush of foreign investment by opening newly expanded industries to out-of-country investors. As trade expands globally and countries within geographical proximity and of similar cultural descent and philosophies ally themselves in order to better compete on a world level, we are se eing the development of increasing number of geographical trade alliances, whatever the underlying reasons behind each. The alliances that have been in place for a while are proving to be very successful in competing in the international markets, stimulating the economies of nearly all of their member states. Effects of this change in economic strategy by a world power can be felt by practically every nation of the globe involved in international trade. The change in the amount of imports and exports to and from China will increase the demand on countless markets. Also, with all the foreign investment China is receiving, the socialistic republic will only grow more and more interdependent upon the world economy. However, the impressive growth rate of China’s economy is not without its shortcomings. Problems such as inflation and inefficient state-owned enterprises plague the rise of the Chinese economy. When China opened its economic borders 19 years ago, environmentalists spoke of the "efficiency" of their farming systems and how they used hardly any organic fuels in the production of food for their people relative to some of the other countries of the world-most notably the United States. What they neglected to mention, however, that one farmer at the end of one rake struggling to feed his family kept fuel consumption very low indeed. It was not, by any stretch, "efficient.

Leadership Qualities by Community Outreach Program Essay

The Asian American Drug Abuse Program follows the s2/m2 level of Situational Leadership theory developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. This model works best for AADAP because the services they provide for people are mostly therapeutic in nature. AADAP offers many programs like residential services and employment access which are aimed at potential clients who are motivated but lack the skills to change without some form of treatment and rehabilitation. With regarding the Managerial Grid format put forward by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton, AADAP is highly focused concerning both the people whom they help and the production they create. Based on the therapy provided and job training opportunities offered AADAP can be considered at the highest levels of the Managerial Grid often referred to as the team style. The Boys and Girls club of America at its best would follow the s3/m3 tier of the Hersey and Blanchard Situational Leadership theory. Boys and Girls clubs fit this role by placing more emphasis on building relationships. Main goals of the club are to provide young kids with a safe environment during the summers and after school while supporting healthy habits, positive values, and a commitment to learning. As the Boys and Girls club is compared to model set by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton, their high focus on their people along with highly subjective production lands this club securely with the â€Å"country club† or accommodating style. The Division of Family and Children Services operates to completely different means from national or local programs centered at helping the community. Those other programs, the Boys and Girls club and AADAP, have placed a greater emphasis on individual treatment and mentoring while the Georgia state Division of Family and Children Services is clearly weighted heavier towards high productivity. Programs sponsored by this division are about getting vital services to children and families like food and social services but without the types of relationships that clubs like the Boys and Girls offer the Division of Family and Children Services fits into the dictatorial style of the Managerial Grid. While comparing this Division to the Situational Leadership theory many similarities show up between s1/m1 levels of maturity and people who couldn’t work and would need to use programs like food stamps that this Division offers. All of the levels presented by Ken Blanchard and Paul Hersey in their Situational Leadership theory show different managerial styles just like the Managerial Grid. While they lean on different support structures and focuses, they both present a similar message of utilizing separate styles and leadership roles based on your staff or clients and based on the type of business you are trying to lead.

Who I Am as a Teenager

Who am I? This uncertainty has to be one of the most common to go through a teenager’s brain. As a regular teenager, I make mistakes, laugh, cry, smile and love. Every experience in my life good or bad, happy or sad makes me stronger. Each step in my life and each passing moment make me grow into the person I want to be. To understand who I am, I have to talk about things that help to shape my identity like my past, the culture where I come from, the environment where I grow up and my family Our history influences our patriotism and our nationalistic tendencies. As I have been growing up, I notice that my entire background have influenced in who I am. My history helps me to remember where my ancestors came from. By remembering that, I will understand my heritage, more about me, and how I should live my life the best I can. History is not only telling me about how my family’s ancestors lived their lives, but also show me my culture, my tradition, and the way that I think. The family history of everybody marks their past, their present, and their future, because the consequences of the actions remain in time. Our culture influences, to an extent, everything in our lives, from how we are schooled, the morals we are taught and other influences on our lives such as sports we play, foods we eat, clothes we wear, music we listen to and how we feel. All these examples represent my culture. It makes me different and identifies me with my birthplace, and I feel important in this world because of these differences. I was born in a small city in Vietnam, and I did not have any brother or sister. As the only child in my family, I grew up in a very loving, caring and educating family environment. However, grew up in that type of sheltered environment prevented me from seeing the outside world. My only friends were my toys, so when I started pre-school, it was really different for me because there were a lot more kids than I was used to seeing. Since I did not know anyone, I didn’t talk very much. As I grew older and moved through school, I began to have more friends than I did back in pre-school. I was starting to talk more and be more active. I realized that the environment where I grew up had influenced who I am as a person. All this parts of my background make the person that I am. Another aspect of who I am is the hobbies that I enjoy doing. I like to listen to any kind of music except rock and rap. I enjoy playing sports such as soccer, basketball and football with my friends. I also enjoy off-road adventures, and playing with my two three-year old nephews. Another one of my hobbies is reading books especially medical books because I want to be a doctor like my parents. My family is probably the largest reason that makes me who I am today because it decides my personality, bias and character flaws. My dad and my mom are both dentists and although they are busy with their job, they always spend most of the time to take care of me. Being a working housewife, my mom tries very hard to be a good homemaker. She is an adventurous cook, and she is good. Unlike many of my dad’s contemporizes, he is a picture of health and vitality. I admire his dedication to his patients and work. Although my father is a strict disciplinarian, he can be jovial and caring at the same time. When I was sick, my parents would take off work and spend the whole day to pampering me back to health. My dad used to tell me that â€Å"as a human being, everybody made mistakes. Some people would deny to facing it but the smart people would have the courtesy to learn from them and not made them twice. † He also taught me how to be strong. He told me to except things as they happened and moved on. If I spent all day thinking about it, I could miss the things that made me happy. Not only did they teach me good moral values, but they also provided me with examples of good behavior and how to support my family. I was taught that my most important goal in life was to have a good education. My parents used to say that someday they would not be with me anymore, and if I wanted to have an economic independence, I had to have a good education. Then I started to think about that, and I decided to study abroad in America. I knew more friends and got more independent. Through that experience, I had a chance to experience both traditional Vietnamese culture and innovation American culture. I learned how to use my Asian background as a beneficial tool and to see myself as a unique person rather than as a vagrant. I was able to know and learn about each person and their culture; my personality changed from introverted to sociable. Henry Ford once said, â€Å"Life is a series of experiences, each one of which makes us bigger, even though it is hard to realize this. † Each one of us is unique in the way that we interpret the influences on us and decide whether or not to accept these outside interventions in our self-molding. My history, my culture and my family’s environment are the most important parts of my life. They are things that help to shape who I am. I love being me and the person that I am. I am not perfect, and don’t try to be. I go through life with an open mind and take things in as they happen. I am me and that all I can be.

In what ways do Leonardo and Bazarov act as catalysts inchanging family structure in the texts Blood Wedding and Fathers and Sons?

In this essay, I will be focussing on the characters of Leonardo and Bazarov, in their respective texts, and how they act as catalysts in changing family structure, so that by the end of the text, the family unit is different from what it was in the beginning. I will also analyse their characters and examine their impact on the plots of the two texts, and their role in plot development. In particular, I will analyse the character's words, and the tone of voice in which they speak; this will help in analysing their specific character traits. This analysis will help me in understanding their impact on character and plot development, which leads to them acting as catalysts in changing their respective family structures. It should be noted that while the text Fathers and Sons features many families that are important to the plot, I will be specifically looking at Bazarov's impact on Arcady's family; as well as the impact on his own family. In the text Blood Wedding, I will be looking at Leonardo's impact on his family and on the Bridegroom's family. In the text Fathers and Sons, when Nicholas is waiting for Arcady, we see him as a very happy person as he eagerly anticipates the arrival of his son. However, when Arcady introduces Bazarov, we notice a change in Nicholas's character. He appears to be withdrawn, and he does not converse as openly with Arcady as he would normally. There is one incident when Bazarov offers Arcady a cigar, Arcady accepts it and when he lights it, Nicholas turns his head away. This foreshadows that the introduction of Bazarov, to the Kisranov family, will cause a gap between Nicholas and Arcady. Similarly in the text Blood Wedding, the text opens with a conversation between Mother and Bridegroom. The conversation leads to the topic of knives that involves the Felix family of which Leonardo is a member. The topic of knives foreshadows the violence and bloodshed that is to arise. The mention of the name Leonardo Felix leads to a small dispute between the Mother and the Bridegroom. Though the dispute is small, it hints of the trouble that Leonardo is likely to cause. In the text Fathers and Sons, when Bazarov has left with Arcady to go freshen up, Paul talks to Nicholas about Bazarov. We get the impression that Paul does not like Bazarov very much. Even though it may not be Bazarov's fault directly, we can see that his presence causes some tension in the family; it causes some change in Paul's mood. As we can see from the following quotation, Paul does not focus on welcoming Arcady, but he focuses on criticizing Bazarov. â€Å"Is he staying with us?†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"That hairy creature?† † The use of the words â€Å"Hairy creature† are spoken with a tone of contempt thus creating an overall sense of tension and hostility. In the text Blood Wedding tone is also important for example when the Neighbour and Mother are talking, the Mother finds out that the Bride had a relationship with Leonardo. At the mention of the name Felix, the mother flares up in anger. It's not Leonardo's fault that he is a Felix but the fact that he is a Felix causes great anger in the Mother and a drastic change in her mood. The mother does not ‘welcome' the marriage with complete love and affection, but instead with hostility and animosity. In the text Blood Wedding there is a section where Leonardo, Wife and Mother-in-law are having a conversation. In this particular conversation the girl comes in and tells them what the Bridegroom is buying for the Bride. Leonardo is very rude and unpleasant. â€Å"What do we care† â€Å"Did I ask for your opinion? â€Å"Leave me alone† â€Å"Why can't you just shut up?† These are four of his lines in that particular scene. As we can see his words are very harsh, and he employs a very defensive tone, by the use of questions. He ignores his wife's pleas and just storms out of the house without a word to where he is going. It seems that Leonardo does not really care about his family at all. This indicates that Leonardo's family is breaking down; we can see abrasive feelings between Leonardo and mother-in-law. However, change is not always negative. In the text Fathers and Sons, Bazarov changes Arcady's family structure in a positive way. Bazarov persuades Arcady to accept an invitation meant for Nicholas. Arcady accepted and he went with Bazarov into town. While the two were having lunch at Eudoxia Kukshin's residence, she mentioned a name; Madame Odintzov. Bazarov was interested in Madame Odintzov, as she was described as very attractive; and Sitnikov said that he would introduce Bazarov and Arcady to Madame Odintzov. It is at Madame Odintzov's abode where Arcady met Katya, whom he ends up marrying. â€Å"†¦it was noticeable that Nicholas Petrovich had already become devotedly attached to her.† We can see that Katya has ‘fitted-in' with the Petrovich family. So we can therefore say that Bazarov is indirectly responsible for Arcady's marriage to Katya, hence changing Arcady's family. In the text Blood Wedding; after the bride and bridegroom have left for the wedding, only Leonardo and his wife remain. They have a conversation that shows distance between Leonardo his wife. Wife wants to go to the church by cart and Leonardo wants to go by horse. They have a short argument that is clearly symbolic of the unhappy, troubled marriage between the two of them. â€Å"WIFE: And I have no intention of going to a wedding without my husband. I can't take much more of this. LEORNADO: That makes two of us. WIFE: Why do you look at me like that? As though you had a dagger in each eye.† The wife says that she can't take much more of this, this signifying the marriage. Why can't she take more of her marriage? It is because of Leonardo. He has not been shown to be a very attentive husband, as depicted by his choice of words. The wife can't take much more of the marriage and Leonardo replies by saying that he feels the same. We would expect the husband in a marriage to counter the wife when she feels this way, however Leonardo just agrees with his wife. The fact that he can't take much more of the marriage shows that he wants to break free of the bonds of marriage. This is an implication of things to come later on in the text. Leonardo is implying that he wants a divorce or another wife, and by doing so he is proceeding to change his family structure. The metaphor used by the Wife (dagger in each eye) goes only to emphasise the distance and hostility felt by Wife from Leonardo as well as foreshadowing the violent conclusion of the play. Leonardo is still in love with Bride, and the wife is all that stands between him and the Bride. Thus he looks at the Wife in such a way that she might leave him alone. At the end of the text, Leonardo does achieve what he wanted; freedom to do as he pleases without worrying about the rules of society. However, this freedom came at a great price to Leonardo – his life. And it is through his death that he changed his family structure. Similarly in the text Fathers and Sons, Bazarov's death inadvertently changes his own family structure. After his first visit home, he leaves too soon; we see this has an impact on his parents, they are saddened and depressed. Bazarov's death finished the change; he was the centre of their life and now he is gone; it is no longer a family, just a husband and wife. His parents as shown when Arcady and Bazarov first visit Bazarov's home were once very lively and full of energy, and very excited and joyful. However, after his death (towards the end of the last paragraph of the text), we see Bazarov's parents as being very quiet and withdrawn. They no longer have that motivation (their son) to live. All they want to do is linger by his grave reminiscing over the memories they have of him as is shown by the quote: â€Å"†¦unable to tear themselves away from this spot where they feel themselves so close to their son and their memories of him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The use of hyperbole goes to show the extreme love that Bazarov's parents had for him and the extent to which their lives have changed now that he is gone. So in conclusion, we see that Leonardo and Bazarov do act as catalysts in changing family structure in their respective texts. Although they cannot strictly be called catalysts because they do not remain unchanged; their presence in the respective texts does have an impact on the characters, as well as the plot.

Global Marketplaces and Business Centers Research Paper

Global Marketplaces and Business Centers - Research Paper Example With advances in information technology, there have been lower costs to communicate and interact across national and international boundaries. This has seen many businesses facing the potential to expand and increase their markets into other foreign countries. With information technology, it has been possible to transfer resources, materials, and capital to wherever they are likely to yield the highest profits (Buono 29). The term ‘business center’ has a number of meanings. A business centre may be defined as a popular place in which many businesses are able to rent rooms for events, meetings or offices. A business centre is also part of a town, city, country, or region where the main business activities and premises such as banks, shopping malls, factories, or offices are located. In business centers, there are usually a lot of financial and business activities. Business centres usually represent places where business professionals, large companies, and other small busi ness are able to operate from. These centres usually provide businesses with conference rooms, space to operate, office equipment, telecommunication services, support staff, and other amenities necessary for businesses to be conducted smoothly. The two terms are sometimes used to refer to places, regions, or countries that are well known business destinations (Porter 56). Global marketplaces and business centres can be assessed by looking at how the world’s GDP is shared. According to statistics appearing in the 2006 World Bank Development Report (292-300), the United States has 29% of the world’s GDP, the European Union 31%, Japan 11%, Canada 2%, and the rest of the world 27% as of 2004. The global marketplaces of North America include United States, the Caribbean countries, Central American countries, Greenland and Mexico. All these countries have a population of over 507 million people who produce close to 33% of the world’s total output. The US had the large st economy of $ 40.9 trillion GDP in 2004. Another global marketplace worth mentioning is Canada. It population is about 32 million, and it is a major exporter since its exports account for close to its GDP of 37% realized in 2004 which amounted to $ 980 billion (Rosenblooum 78). Western Europe consists of nations which are among the most successful, and attract the highest number of businesses and business ventures. The Western European countries have wealthy people who can buy many products from other marketplaces. Western European countries that make up global market places are divided into members of the European Union. It also consists of other countries that belong to the region. Some of these countries that are global marketplaces within Western Europe include Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and other like Norway, Iceland, and Switzerland (Hofstede 77). Eastern and Central Europe also have many countries that are considered global marketplaces and business centres. The c ountries that make up global marketplaces in Central Europe include Romania, Poland, Hungary, Slovak Republic, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Austria, Albania, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, and Bosnia. The countries in Eastern Europe that are known to be global marketplaces are the 15 countries that were formed as a result of the Soviet Union’s disintegration. These regions have undergone numerous economic, political, and social changes during the past decade to be where they are today. Most of the

To provide an insight to the critical issue that the UK mobile phone Thesis - 1

To provide an insight to the critical issue that the UK mobile phone service providers suffer from high attrition rate - Thesis Example r may not hold the customer loyalty thus the only formula left for Vodafone is through the employment of surveys to determine the correct strategy to prevent attrition to another phone company. What have been determined is that there is another market that is coexisting alongside the cellular phone market. Cellular or mobile phone service subscriber attrition or the migration of subscribers to another mobile phone service provider is a normal trend that occurs if the expectation of the subscribers en masse were not met. This could be the failure of the mobile service provider to meet the very basic demand which is the provisioning of mobile service. Or the failure of the mobile service company to resolve long standing issues. Or the failure of the mobile service company to grow alongside their subscriber to provide the necessary technology or functionality and be the constant companion in whatever endeavor they would be engaged in. For whatever reason behind the decision to migrate t o another mobile service provider it is the failure of the mobile service company. The question this thesis is trying to answer is what strategy can be employed to ensure customer loyalty to prevent customer attrition. The last fifteen years has seen the mobile phone industry experiencing phenomenal growth in usage as well as in technological advances. From TDMA to CDMA from simple GSM to 3G or even 4G technology, the mobile phone industry has created a lifestyle and a social norm that permeate in every sinew of society’s collective consciousness. Not only would the demand for the technology increase the level of sophistication of mobile phone user’s need and taste, it will similarly increase along with what technology can offer. With roughly seven billion potential users worldwide the mobile phone’s market insertion only managed nearly fifty percentile. Mobile phone patronage is clearly dependent on what technology can offer as proven by the shift from CDMA to full GSM format at

SOCIAL WORK IS PAPER TOPIC----Analysis of Assessment and Intervention Assignment

SOCIAL WORK IS PAPER TOPIC----Analysis of Assessment and Intervention Skills with Families(paper topic) - Assignment Example By evaluating the narration, the therapist connects these stories with the client’s life experiences and can recognize the links between different situations. In this narrative theoretical frame work, the therapist categorizes the experience into â€Å"dominant† stories and â€Å"alternative† stories (Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p.2). Structural frame work of family â€Å"indicates† the relationship and role of every individual in a family. The quality of a family depends on the â€Å"cohesive† attitude and â€Å"flexibility† of its members and the bonding among them (Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p.2, 4). A family structure includes certain â€Å"boundaries† which relating to the participation of members in family. In narrative therapy, the philosophy and approach is to focus on individual values of the client, within the family context. On the other the structural approach relies on the structure of the family rather than the individual traits of the client. The â€Å"alignment† features of family structure contains the same interests of the members and involvement of two family members to third member and the â€Å"power† of a family structure revolves around the head the family and his or her influence on the final output of a family activity (Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p.4). The structural theoretical frame work of family therapy regulates the involvement of every family member. The â€Å"explicit† and the â€Å"implicit â€Å"contract and the client centered approaches of the therapy differentiate it from narrative theoretical frame work of family therapy (Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p.4). In narrative frame work, the clients get a chance to â€Å"re-author† their stories , and through this re-telling the clients will come to know about themselves (Allyn & Bacon, 1998, p.1). The idea of reframing is a concept where the therapist asks same questions to two members of the same family. This is intended to derive different perspectives of an issue in hand so